l^r 




Book_._/!_:i 



liAKE GEORi^E 



AND 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN. 







suBqiV 



GUIDE 






TO 



LAKE aE<d8l€^E, 

LAKE CHAMPLAIN, 
Jfllontrral mih ^uthtty 

WITH MAPS, 

AND TABLES OF ROUTES AND DISTANCES FROM 
ALBANY, BURLINGTON, MONTREAL, &:c. 

tr , '? y - 



BY Zf THOMPSON, 

Author of History and Gazetteer of V^ermont. 



BURLINGTON: 

CHAUNCEY GOODRICH. 
1845. 



Entered according to act of Congress, in tiie year 1845, by 

CHAUNCEY GOODRICH, 

in Clerk's office of District Court, lor tiie District of Vermont. 

16 • 'OG 
Routes from Albany and Troy to Montreal. 

THROUGH LAKE CHAMPLAIN. 

From Albany and Troy to Whitehall at the south 
end of Lake Champlain, there are three principal 
routes. See Tables^ page 41. 

1st — By Canal, through Mechanicsville, Fort 
Edward and Fort Anne. See Champlain Canal, 
page 10. 

2d. — Through Lansingburgh, Easton, Granville 
&c. by Stage. 

3d. — By way of Ballston and Saratoga Springs, 
by Rail-Road and Stage. 

Another route to Lake Champlain is by way of 
Saratoga Springs, Glens Falls and Lake George, 
to Ticonderoga. See Table p. 43. 

The passage between VViiitehall and St. Johns, 
through Lake Champlain, is made by Steamboats, 
which touch at the places indicated on the map to 
land and receive passengers. See Table p. 42. 

From St. Johns the passage is by Rail-Road, 15 
miles, to Laprairie, and thence by Steamboat, 9 
miles, to Montreal. 



LAKE GEORGE. 

Eighteen miles from Saratoga Springs, on the 
way to Lake George are Glens Falls. These 
are a considerable curiosity. The fall in the 
Hudson is about fifty feet, which affords a 
vast amount of water power. The Glens Falls 
Feeder, 11 miles long, connects the river above 
the falls with the Champlain Canal near Sandy 
Hill. The road from Glens Falls to CaJdwell 
at thi head of Lake George, passes near Bloody 
Ponl. This is near the place of action between 
Col. Williams and Gen. Dleskau, in 1755, and 
into this pond were thrown the bodies of those 
killed in the battle. Hence its name. 

Caldwell is delightfully situated at the south- 
west end of the lake, and contains about two 
hundred inhabitants. 

Th2 Lalce House at this place is much resort- 
ed to in summer by travellers and parties of 
pleasure. A steamboat plies regularly between 
this place and the outlet of the lake at Ticonde- 
roga. Near Caldwell village at the south end 
of the lake are the ruins of Fort Wm. Henry, 
and about a mile further to the southeast are 
those of Fort Georsfe. 



LAKE GEORGE. 



Lake George is so nearly connected with Lake 
Champlain, both locally and historically, as to 
be almost regarded as a part of it. It was visited 
by Champlain, in 1609, and it might appear 
doubtful, from his own statement, whether it was 
not to this lake that he gave his own name. Suc- 
ceeding Franch writers, however, confined the 
name of Champlain to the larger of these lakej--, 
and called this Lake St. SacremenL on account 
of the purity of its waters.' The Indian name ig 
said to have been Horicon. Mr. Spafford in his 
Gazetteer of N. Y. says that the natives called 
it Canideri-oiU or the tail of the lake, on account, 
probably, of its connexion with Lake Champlain. 

Lake George is 33 miles long and from 2 to 3 
miles wide, and is elevated 243 feet above the 
tide waters of the Hudson. The scenery around 
this lake is very much admired. The most in- 
teresting points of view are said to be at Fort 
George, at a place north of Shelving Rock, 14 
miles, and at Sabbath Day Point, 24 mile?, from 
the head of the lake. The last view is taken 
southward ; the others towards the north. This 
lake abounds with small and beautiful islands, 
among the most important of which are Diamond 
Islancf, Tea Island and Long Island. Roger's 
Rock or Slide, and Anthony's Nose, the former 
on the west and the latter on the east side, are 
two precipices worthy of note. Howe's Landing, 
just behind an island at the outlet of the lake, 



MASSACRE AT FORT WM. HENRY. 



denotes the spot where the unfortunate expedi- 
tion of Abercrombie landed, and derives its name 
from Lord Howe who accompanied and fell in 
that expedition, in 1758. 

This Jake has been the scene of several impor- 
tant battles. One which has been generally 
known as the Batlle of Lake George, was fought 
at the head of the lake in 1755, between the 
French under the Baron Dieskau and the Eng- 
lish under Sir Wm. Johnson. Dieskau attacked 
tlie English in their encanjpment, but was de- 
feated and slain. The loss of the Engiisii was 
130 slain and that of the French about 7U0* 

The most shocking transaction in the vicinity 
of this lake, was the Massacre at Fort William 
Henry in 1757. A Britit;h and provincial army 
having been collected at Ft. Edward and Ft. Wm. 
Henry under Gen. Webb for the reduction of the 
French works on Lake Champlain, the French 
sent a large army up the lake under Gen. Mont- 
calm for their defence. Gen. W^ebb, then at Fort 
Wm. Henry, learning from Maj. Putnam that this 
force had entered Lake George, returned imme- 
diately to Fort Edward, and the day follow ing 
sent Col. Munroe with his regiment to reinJorce 
the garrison at the lake. Tlie day alter Mun- 
roe's arrival the French appeared before the fort, 
laid siege to it and demanded its surrender. The 



* See Thompson's Vermont , part II. page 8. 



MASSACRE AT FORT WM. HENRT. 



garrison, consisting of 2500 men, defended them- 
selves with much bravery for several days, with 
the expectation of succor from Fort Edward. 
'But as none came, Munroe was obliged on the 
9th of Augus! to caj3itulate. By the articles of 
capitulation all the public property was to be de- 
livered to Montcalm, and the garrison were to 
march out with their arms and baggage, and to 
be escorted to Fort Edward, on condition of not 
serving against the French within the period of 
eighteen months. 

The garrison had no sooner marched out of 
the fort, than a scene of perfidy and barbarity 
commenced, which it is impossible for lan- 
guage to describe. Regarfless of the articles of 
capitulation, the Indians attached to the French 
army, fell upon the defenceless soldiers, plun- 
dering and murdering all that fell in their way. 
The French officers were idle spectators of this 
bloody scene ; nor could all the entreaties of 
Munroe persuade them to furnish the promised 
escort. On that fatal day about 1500 of the Eng- 
lish were either murdered by the savages or 
carried by them into captivity never to return. 

The day foliovving these horrid transactions. 
Major Putnam was despatched from Fort Ed- 
ward with his rangers to watch the motions of 
the enemy. H? reached Lake George just after 
the rear of the enemy had left the shore, and the 
scene which v/as presented he describes as awful 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN. 



ndeed. " The fort was entirely destroyed ; the bar- 
racks, out-hooses and buildings were a heap of 
rums — -the cannon, stores, boats and vessels were 
,11 carried away. The 'fires were still burning — 
he smoke and stench offensive and suffocating-, 
nnumerable fragments- of human skulls, and 
;iones and carcasses half consumed, \vere still 
frying and broiling in the decaying fires. Dead 
bodies, mangled with scalping knives and toma- 
■lawks, in all the wantonness of Indian barbarity, 
vere every where to be seen. More than 100 
v'omen, butchered and schockingly mangled, lay 
ipon the ground still weltering in their gore. 
)evastation, barbarity and horror every where 
ppeared ; and the spectacle presented was too 
diabolical and awful either to be endured or de- 
cribed." * 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN. 

This Lake, on account of the beauty and vari- 
ety of its scenery and its historical incidents, is 
una of the most interesting bodies of water in 
North America. It Vv^as discovered by Samuel 
Champlain, on the 4th of July 1609. Having foun- 
ded the colony of Quebec in 1608, in June, 1609, 
Jhamplain with a number of French and Indians, 
roceeded, in a shallop, up the St. Lawrence and 
river Iroquois, now Richelieu, till stopped by the 



8 LAKE CHAMPLATN DTSCOVERED. 



Chambly rapids. From this place he determine 
to proceed in Indian canoes, but the Frenchmei 
manifested ^reat reluctance and only two coul 
be persuaded to accompany him. With these an 
about 60 of the natives, having- transported thei 
canoes by the rapids, he embarked, on the 2d c f 
July, and, proceeding southward, on the 4th Jul 
entered the lake. Champlain and his party pre 
ceeded along the west shore, advancing by wate 
during the night and retiring into the forests h 
day, to avoid being discovered by the Iroquois 
between whom and the Canada Indians a wa 
was then carried on. As they drew near the ene 
my's country they proceeded with great caution 
but, on the 29th of July, in the evening, the; 
fell in with a large war party of the Iroquois. Botl 
parties drew up to the shore, and the night wa; 
spent in preparation for battle, and in singing 
and taunting each other. In the morning an en 
gagement took place, but the Frenchmen beint 
armed with muskets, it was decided in favor o 
Champlain and his party, a large number of th( 
Iroquois being slain and several taken prisoners 
With these they returned immediately to theii 
shallop. Champlain says that this battle waf 
fought in Lat. 43^^ and some minutes, and th( 
place is supposed to have been on the west shor? 
of Lake George. The present name of Lak( 
Champlain was given by its discoverer during 
his first visit, as he informs us in his Journal 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN — NAME. 9 

He was not drowned in its watersr as has been 
sometimes said, but died at Quebec in 1635. One 
of the Indian names of this lake was Petawd- 
bouque^ signifying alternate land and water^ in 
allusion to the numerous islands and projecting 
points of land. Another is said to have been 
Caniaderi-Guarunie, signifying the mouth, or 
door of the country. If so it was very appro- 
priate, as it forms the gate-way between the 
country on the St. Lawrence and that on the 
Hudson. In more recent times the Indians called 
it Corlear in honor of a Dutchman, who saved a 
war party of Canada Indians from being de- 
stroyed by the Mohawks in 1665. 

Extent. Lake Champlain is usually regarded 
as extending from Whitehall to St. Johns, being 
120 miles in a right line from south to north. — 
Sometimes it is regarded as terminating towards 
the north at Ash Island, four miles beyond the 
United States Line, and the early French wri- 
ters marked its termination towards the south at 
Ticonderoga. The width of the lake varies from 
one fourth of a mile to about 13 miles, with a 
mean width of perhaps 4 miles, and C( vering an 
area of about 500 square miles. It receives the 
waters drained from about 7000 square miles. 
Its depth is in general sufficient for the naviga- 
tion of large vessels. This lake is now connected 
by canals with the navigable waters of the Hud« 
son and the St. Lawrence. 



10 STEAMBOATS— CHAMPLAIN CAfJAt. 




Tabular Historical Vieio 






Com. 






Hor. 


NAMES. 


Where built, 
Burlington, 


runn. 


Lnn 

120 


Ton 

167 


pow. 

"20 


Vermont 


180!) 


1st Phoenix 


Vergennes, 


1815 


146 


336 


45 


Cham plain 


do 


1817 


90 


128 


20 


Congress 


do 


1818 


108 


209 


34 


2d Pl)oenix 


do 


1820 


150 


343 


45 


Gen. Green 


Shelburne, 


182.5 


75 


115 


28 


Franklin 


St. Albans, 


1827 


162 


350 


75 


Washington 


Essex, N. Y. 


1827 


02 


134 


30 


McDoiiough 


St. Albans, 


1828 


89 


138 


30 


Winooski 


Burlington, 


1832 


136 


226 


60 


Water Witch 


Ft. Cassin, 


1832 


90 


107 


40 


Burli no-ton 


Shelburne, 


1838 


220 


460 


200 


Whitehall 


Whitehall, 


1830 


215 


460 


200 


Saranac 


Shelburne,* 


1842 


185 


331 


100 


FrancisSaltus 


Whitehall, 


1845 


196 


373 


_ * _ 



Cliamplain Canal connects the navigable wa- 
ters of the Hudson with Lake Champlain. It is 
64 miles long, 40 feet wide at Ihe top and 28 at 
the bottom, with a navigable /(e<ie?' at Sandy Hill 
11 miles long. It has 21 locks, 14 by 90 feet. 
Rise from the Hudson, 134 feet, fall to the lake, 
54; was begun in 1816, finished in 1819, and 
cost $1,079,872. The route of this canal is in- 
teresting on account of its passing through a sec- 
tion of country rendered raemoral by important 
military operations. It passes in part along the 
line of Burgoyne's advance from Lake Cham- 



' 40 inch cylendar — 10 feet stroke,' 





STEAMBOATS— CHAMPLAIN CANAL. 11 


Of Steamboals on Lake Cham plain. 


1 Cost. 


Captains.* 


Continuance in sorvice. 


$20,000 
45,000 
18,000 
30,000 
45,000 
12,000 
50,000 
14,000 
12,000 
15,000 
14,000 
75,000 
70,006 
35,000 
60,000 


John Winans 
J. Sherman 
Geo, Brush 
R. W Sherman 
J. Sherman 
Dan Lyon 
R. W. Sherman 
James Snow 
Wm. Burton 
Wm. Anderson 
Duff Green 
R. W. Sherman 
G. Lathrop 
P.T.Davis 
H.G. Tisdale 


5 years, sunk Oct. 18J5 

4 " burnt Sept. 5,1819 

Burnt, Whitehall, 181 7 

16 " condemned in 1835 

16 " " 1837 

7 " conv.tosloop,1833 

10 " condemned, 1838 

now running 
13 "lost 1841 

now running 
3 " conv. to schooner 
now running [1836 
now running 
now running, 
now running. 



plain — near the sceno of his principal battles — 
and of his final surrender. It passes near Fort 
Miller — Fort Edward — and Fort Anne — the spot 
where Miss M'Crea was murdered — the tree to 
which Gen. Putnam was bound in 1757, &c. 



* Several changes have taken place in the com- 
manders of the above boats in the course of th'eir 
continuance in service, among which we notice 
the following : the Winooski was commanded sev- 
eral years by Capt. Dan Lyon and afterwards by 
Capt. Philips. The Whitehall was commanded 
by Capt. D. Lyon up to 1844. 



12 WHITEHALL — TICONDEROGA. 

Whitehall is situated at the junction of the 
Champlain Canal with tha lake. It contains about 
2500 inhabitants, a presbyterian, an episcopal 
and a methodist church, a bank, &c/ It is a 
great thoroughfare of travel and merchandise, is 
a place of considerable business and is fast im- 
proving in appearance and comfort. Before the 
revolution Major Skeene resided here, and the 
place was for some time know by the name of 
Skeenesborouffh. The Indian name of this place 
is said to be Kah-sha-quali-na or place lohere dip 
fish. At this place one or more steamboats arrives 
and departs daily during the continuance of the 
navigation. From here to Ticonderoga the lake 
is very narrow, averaging less than a mile. The 
widest place is about two miles, against the south 
part of Orwell. At Shole's Landing, 1 mile south 
of Mount Independence, the width is only forty 
rods. Half aoPiile from Whitehall is what is called 
the Elbow, a short turn in the lake occasioned by 
the projection of a rocky point from the west. 
It is with considerable difficulty that large boats 
pass it on account of the narrowness of the chan- 
nel. Half a mile further north South Bay opens 
to ths southwest. 

Ticonderoga. This is an Indian word signify- 
ing noisy j and was applied by ths natives to th3 
falls in the outlet of Lake George. It was after- 
wards applied to the fortifications on the penin- 
sula at the outlet and now to a village two miles 



TICONDEROGA — ABERCROMBIE's DEFEAT. 13 

up the outlet and to the township in which 
these are situated. Fort Ticonderoga occupies 
a conspicuous place in the military operations in 
this neighborhood. Its situation may be seen by 
the following diagram. 




The French first established themselves here 
in 1755, and in the course of two or three years had 
erected works, which they named Fort Carillon 
and which, with its natural advantages, rendered 
it a place of considerable strength. 

Ahercromhie' s Defeat. In 1758, the English 
had collected an army of 16000 men, at the head 



14 ABERCROMBIE DEFEATED — LORD HOWE. 

of Lake George for the purpose of reducing the 
French works on Lake Chamj)lain. At the head 
of these Gen.Abercrombie embarked at Fort Wm. 
Henry on the 5th of July and proceeded down the 
lake in 900 batteaux and 135 whaleboats. He 
landed at the lower end without difficulty. As 
they advanced towards the French works, they 
had frequent sl^irraishes with the enemy, by 
which their progress was retarded and in one of 
which the gallant Lord Howe was killed. The 
English columns at length became so much em- 
barrassed and broken on accodnt of the thickness 
of the woods, that Abercrombie deemed it prudent 
to march back to the place where he had landed 
in the morning and there encamp for the night. 
The French works were protected on the only 
assailable ground by a line of breastworks and 
garrisoned by 6000 men, and, as a reinforcement 
of 3000 men was on its way to join them, Aber- 
crombie was anxious to get possession of the 
works before it should arrive. He, therefore, the 
next morning led forward his men in regular or- 
der and with undaunted firmness and commen- 
ced an immediate assault upon the French lines. 
The enemy opened upon the in a well directed 
fire from their artillery, but the English contin- 
ued to advance undismayed till they became 
completely entangled and stopped by the trees 
and bushes, which had been felled to impede 
their approach. For four hours they strove to cut 



TICONDEROGA DURING THE REVOLUTION. 15 

their way through these with their swords, but 
without success. All this time they were exposed 
to the deadly fire of the enemy, who were com- 
pletely sheltered by their breastworks. The num- 
bers of the assailants continually diminishing and 
no prospect of success apppearing, Abercrom- 
bie thought it m.ost prudent to retreat, and ac- 
cordingly led back his shattered army to their 
former encampment without being pursued or 
molested by the enemy. The English lost in 
this encounter, in killed and wounded, nearly 
2000 men and 2500 stand of arms. The next 
year this post was abandoned by the French and 
was taken possession of by the English under 
Gen. Amherst without any fighting, by whom the 
works were repaired and strenthened. 

Ticonderocra durinsr the Revolution. — Ticon- 
deroga was our first trophy in the war for 
Independence. It was takeii by surprise by Ethan 
Allen at the head of 83^ men, mostly Green 
Mountain Boys, in the morning of the 10th of 
May, 1775, who demanded its surrender " i?i the 
name of the GreaL Jehovah and the Continental 
Congress." It remained in the possession of the 
Americans till the advance of Burgoyne through 
the lake in 1777. The Americans at this time 
occupied Ticonderoga and Mount Independence 
on the opposite side the lake, where they had some 
small batteries. These posts were connected by a 
floating bridge 80 rods long and 12 feet wide. Bur- 



16 ST. CI,AIR*S RETREAT — CHIMNEY POINT. 

goyne first took possession of Mount Hope^ situa- 
ted about a mile to the northwest of Ticonderoga. 
Mount Defiance, situated at the southwest, com- 
pletely commanded the American works, being 
800 feet above them, but was supposed to be of 
so difficult access as to prevent any attempt of the 
British to plant cannon upon it. But in this they 
were mistaken ; for on the 5th of July the British 
had taken possession of this mountain, and had 
commenced the erection of a battery. The Ameri- 
can general St. Clair immediately called a council 
of officers, by whom it was agreed to abandon the 
post at Ticonderoga and Mount Independence 
and retreat to the south, which was carried into 
effect before the next morning. The British then 
took possession and held it till the close of the 
war. 

From Ticonderoga to Crown Point the width 
of the lake varies from 1 to 2 miles. In this dis- 
tance are two or three landing places, all on the 
East side. Watch Point in Shoreham a little 
north of the old landing, is at present the usual 
landing place of passengers for Middlebury. 

Chimney- Point, the landing place opposite to 
Crown Point is in the south western corner of 
the town of Addison. Here the French com- 
menced their first settlement upon the lake in 
1731. When Crown Point fell into the hands of 
the English in X759, this settlement was aban- 
doned, and the remains of the chimneys, which 



CHIMNEY POINT — CROWN POINT. 



17 



they had erected in their huts, probably sugges- 
ted to the first English settlers the name of 
Chimney Point. The stone windmill, mentioned 
by Kahij, as being within one or two musket-shots 
to the east of Fort Frederick, and as having 5 or 
6 small cannon mounted in it in 1749, and which 
has been supposed to have given name to this 
point, was most probably at the place opposite, 
marked by the ruins of what is called Grenadier^ s 
Battery. 



Pt. Henry m 



^^ ^^^ Elm Pt 



^K- 




Crown Point. The French first established 
themselves here in 1731, and erected a fort which 



18 FORT ST. FREDERICK — CROWN POINT. 

. ^ «» 

they called Fori Si. Frederick, from Frederick 
Maurepas, the French secretary of state. At 
this jjlace the French kept a garrison, and from 
it, during the colonial wars, sent outtheir parties 
of French and Indians to destroy the frontier 
English settlements, and massacre the inhabi- 
tants. When Kalm visited this place in 1749, 
there was a considerable settlement around the 
fort with well cultivated gardens. Within 
the fort was a neat little church. The fort was 
built upon the brow of the steep bank of the 
lake, but a short distance from the water, and the 
remains of its bomb-proof, covered way, ovens, 
&c., are still to be seen, though in a very dila- 
pidated state. Its place is indicated by figure 2, in 
the cut. The small circle to the southeast of this 
denotes the site of Grenadier's Battery, and the 
two small parallelograms to the southwest of the 
latter place, the situation of two strong redoubts. 
On the approach of the British army under 
Gen. Amherst in 1759, the French abandoned 
this fort and retired to the north end of the lake. 
Amherst took immediate possession, but instead 
of repairing th'e old works, began a new fort, 
which was called Crown Point, about 200 yards 
to the south west, on higher and more com.mand- 
ing ground. This fort was never completed, as 
is evident from an examination of the ditch, 
glacis, &c., at the present day, although it has 
been said that the British government expended 



CROWN POINT — ENGLISH FORT. 



19 



here no less than £2,000,000 sterling. _ The po- 
sition of the several works may be understood by 
the preceding- diagram, and the form and size of 
the English fort by the following diagram and 
descrJDtion. 




The ramparts are about 25 feet thick, and 
from 15 to 25 in height, and are reveted with solid 
masonry. The curtains vary in length from 52 
yards to 101 yards, and the whole circuit, meas- 
uring along the top of the rampart, including the 
the bastions, is 853 yards, or 27 yards less than 



20 CROWN POINT FORT. 

lialf a mile. Within the fort were four large 
stone huildings, designed for barracks and other 
uses, one of which is now wholly removed, and 
another 287 feet long, is mostly thrown down. 
The walls of the other two, being, one 192 and 
the other 216 feet long, and two stories high, are 
nearly entire, and a part of the latter roofed and 
inhabited. These were used as barracks, are 
built of solid masonry with chimneys, and the 
stones for their construction appear to have been 
taken from the ditch, and the chips used for lev- 
elling up the slope of the glacis. In the north- 
eastern bastion is a large well, said to be 90 feet 
deep, and from this bastion was the descent to 
the covered way or underground communica- 
tion with the lake. The walls of this covered 
way have fallen in, so as to render it impassible, 
but it may be traced through its whole length by 
a depression along the surface of the ground. 
This fort was taken by surprise by a party of 
Green Mountain Boys, under Seth Warner, on 
the same day that Ticonderoga surrendered to 
Ethan Allen. 

The width of the peninsula upon which these 
works stood is one mile, and is in no part much 
elevated above the site of the principal fort, but 
there is a considerable mountain on the west side 
of Bulwagga Bay, the nearest summit of which 
is only 1| miles from the fort and elevated 400 
feet above it. The highest is distant 2| miles 



WESTPORT — FORT CASSIU. 21 

and elevated 900 feet. The whole peninsula is 
made up of dark lime stone covered in most part 
with only a slight depth of earth, so that works 
upon it, cannot be assailed by regular advances. 
The width between Crown and Chimney Points 
is only about half a mile. From Crown point to 
Split Rock the average width of the lake is about 
3i miles. 

Port Henry is 1^ miles from Crown Pt. Fort 
and a little north of Cedar Point. Here is a 
good latiding place and here are the works of the 
Port Henry Iron Company. There is a ferry 
between-this place and Chimney Point. 

Westport, the next landing place on the N. 
Y. side, is situated on Northwest Bay. It is a 
thriving village of about 600 inhabitants. A 
horse ferry boat plies betweer. this place and Ba- 
sin Harbor. 

Basin Harbor, one of the best on the lake, 
is in the town of Ferrisburg, Vt., and is 5 miles 
west from the city of Vergennes. 

Fort Cassin, 3 miles north of Basin Harbor 
and on the north side of the mouth of Otter 
Creek, is a landing place of passengers for Ver- 
gennes. It is 8 miles from the City of Vergennes 
where Macdonough's fleet was fitted out, with 
which he gained his victory. Fort Cassin takes 
its name from Lieut. Cassin of the navy, who 
with a small breast work at this place, and less 
than 200 men commanded by himself and Capt 



22 SPLIT-ROCK — CHARLOTTE — m'nF.Il's FERRY. 

Thornton, of the artillery, on the 14th of May 
1814, repulsed a large British force in an attempt 
to enter the creek for the purpose of destroying 
the American flotilla before it should be ready 
for service. 

Split Rock is one of the greatest natural cu- 
riosities on the lake, and one which did not es- 
cape the notice of the earliest French explorers. 
Roclier Fendu occupies a conspicuous place on 
Charlevoix map of 1744. It has been suppo- 
sed to have been formed by the breaking off of 
a rocky promontory extending north, but Prof. 
Emmons (N. Y. Geological Report, 231) thinks it 
was formed by the wearing away of the rock in 
that place in consequence of its being of a softer 
texture. The part detached contains about half 
an acre, rises about 30 feet above the water, is 
covered with bushes and is separated about 10 
feet from the main rock. A few rods south of 
Split Rock stands a Ijght house. The width of 
the lake between Split Rock and Thompson's 
Point is only about a mile. From this place the 
width of the lake increases tov^^ards the nortii, 
and at McNieVs Ferry, between Charlotte land- 
ing- and the village of Essex, it wants 20 rods of 3 
miles. This is one of the oldest and best fer- 
ries across the lake. The passage is by horse- 
boat, and is performed in about 30 minutes. Just 
north of Charlotte landing is the delightful resi- 
dence of Charles McNiel, Esqr. 



ESSEX — FOUR BROTHERS — JUNIPER ISLAND. 23 

Essex is a pleasant village containing* about 
600 inhabitants. From this place the width of 
the lake increases as it flows North, and at Bur- 
lington amounts to about 10 miles ; and here is 
the greatest expanse of water uninterrupted by 
islands. On the way from Essex to Burlington, 
are passed the Four Brothers, lying at some dis- 
tance, and Juniper Island and Rock Dunder on 
the left, and Potier's Point and the mouth of 
Shelburn Bay on the right. 

Four Brothers are 4 small islands lying* 
about 7 miles south west from Burlington, and 
being out of the usual line of navigation they are 
resorted to by gulls and other water fowl for the 
purpose of raising their young. On Charlevoix 
map of 1744, they are called hie de qualre Vents. 

Juniper Island lies o miles south west from 
Burlingtofi — is composed of slate rock, with 
precipitous banks about thirty feet high, and 
covered with about a dozen acres of good 
soil. A light house was erected here in 1826. 

Rock Dunder is a solitary rock rising out of the 
water between Juniper Island and Potier's Point 
to the height of about 20 feet. 

Potier's Point is 2^ miles nearly south from 
the landing at Burlington and at the mouth of 
Shelburne Bay. On the east side of ihis point 
just within the bay is a ship yard, called the Har- 
bor. It is three miles from the steamboat land- 
ing in Burlington, and although situated in the 



24 HARBOR — BURT.TNGTON. 

township of Shelburne may be regarded as the 
Burlington ship yard. Here several of the large 
Bteam boats have been ^ilt, and they are usually 
laid up here during the winter. 

Through the greater part of the passage from 
Ticonderoga to Burlington the traveller has a 
fine view of the Green Mountains in Vermont, 
stretching along at the east, particularly of the 
CameVs Hump, and the Nose and Chin of the 
Mansfield mountains lying further north. 

Burlington is situated nearly midway be- 
tween Whitehall and St. Johns. It is the most 
important town on lake Champlain, is a port of 
entry, and by recent arrangements between our 
government and Great Britain, is made one of 
the two ports (Plattsburgh being the other) on 
lake Champlain, at which merchandize sent from 
England through the United States into Canada 
is entered for inspection and exportation. The 
village of Burlington is not surpassed in beauty 
of location by any town in New England. It 
occupies a gentle declivity terminated on the west 
by the lake. The principal streets running east 
and west, are one mile in length, and these are 
crossed nearly at right angles by others running 
north and south, cutting the whole village into 
regular squares. The village contains 4000 
inhabitants, and is steadily advancing in wealth 
and population. It is the seat of the (Jniver- 
eity of Vermont, which is a flourishing institution^ 



BURT.INGTON — MAP. 



25 



having- a well selected library of about 8000 
volnmes, a very gcol chemical and philosophi- 
cal apparatus, and a respectable cabinet of 
natural history. Besides the university build- 




ings, the village contains six churches, a court 
house and jail, a high school for boys, a female 
seminary, two banks, three printing offices, seven 
hotels and taverns and about 40 stores, four of 
which are bookstores. There are several manu- 
factories, among which the glass factory of 



ii6 BNRLINGTON— UNIVERSITT. 

Messrs. Smith & Willkins is one of the most 
important. There are three lines of mail stages 
which arrive and depart daily, (Sunday excep- 
ted,) besides three or four others which come 
in and go out twice or thrice a week. See Tables, 
p. 46, 47. During the continuance of navigation 
there are regular lines of steam-boats between 
here and Whitehall, between here and St. Johns, 
between here and Plattsburgh and St. Albans, 
besides numerous arrivals and departures of ir- 
regular boats, sloops, &c. There are four 
,extensive wharves with storehouses, and the 
greater part of the merchandize intended for the 
north western section of Vermont is landed here. 
A breakwater has been built in front of the 
wharves for the protection of the shipping. Op- 
posite to Burlington the width of the lake is 9.^ 
miles, and the soundings taken at eight differ- 
ent places along the line, vary from 50 to about 
300 feet. 

The buildings of the University of Vermont 
are delightfully situated upon the summit at the 
eastern extremity of the village, at an elevation 
of more than 250 feet above the level of the 
lake. The prospect from the dome of the prin- 
cipal edifice is, at some seasons of the year, one 
of unrivaled beauty, and well repays the toil of 
the ascent. Here is spread out, as upon a map, 
before the eye, — the busy village — the lake, 
stretching from south to north, with its bays and 



WINOOSKI VILLAGE — SCHUYLER ISLAND 27 

— % : 

islands, its steamboats, and other water craft — 
the Winooski river, dashing through dark and 
frightful chasms and then winding gently through 
the beautiful meadows at the north — and more 
remote, the woods and farms and smiling villages ; 
— and, to complete the picture, the east and west 
are bounded by a grand and varied outline of 
mountains, many of whose summits mingle with 
the clouds. 

Winooski Village is situated at the Lower 
Falls in Winooski river, and 2 miles from the 
steam boat landing in Burlington. Here is 
abundant and excellent water power, which has 
hitherto been only partially improved. At this 
place an extensive woollen factory is in operation 
and several other factories and mills. A large 
block factory, satinett factory, and several mills 
have been destroyed by fire, which have not yet 
been rebuilt. 

From Burlington to Port Kent, 10 miles, the 
course is a little north of west. Juniper Island 
and the Four Brothers lie at the left, and on the 
right, first. Lone Rock or Sharpshin Point, near 
which may be seen Ihe residence of the Rt. Rev. 
J. H. Hopkins, and a little further along Appletree 
Point, and still farther and more remote Col- 
chester Point. Winooski river enters the lake 
between the two last. Just before reaching Port 
Kent a considerable island is passed lying on the 
left called Schuylefs Island. The French cal- 



28 PORT KENT — BURNING OF THE PHffiNIX. 



led it Isle au Chapon. The point of the main 
land lying between this island and Port Kent, 
is called Point Tremhleau. 

Poet Kent is a pleasant little village which 
owes its origin to the late Elkanah Watson, Esq. 
and has grown up within a few years. It has a 
convenient dock from which is shipped the 
greater part of the immense quantity of iron 
manufactured in this section of the country. On 
the Au Sable river which runs through a region 
abounding in iron ore, and empties into the lake 
a little north of this port, are the flourishing man- 
ufacturing villages of Au Sable Forks, CJinton- 
ville, Keeseville, and Birmingham. On this riv- 
er are many interesting falls. Those at Birming- 
ham 2 miles from Port Kent, and the ravine be- 
low, through which the river passes, are worthy 
the notice of the curious traveller. 

From Port Kent to Plattsburgh, the course is 
along near the western shore of the lake. 

Port Jackson, the only intermediate landing 
place, is nearly west of the south end of Valcour 
Island, noted for a severe naval conflict, on the 
11th of October 1776, between the American 
flotilla under General Arnold and the British un- 
der Capt. Prindie. The battle was fought a lit-r 
tie north of Port Jackson. Five or six miles near- 
ly east from Port Jackson was the scene of the 
conflagration of the steamer Phcenix on the morn- 
ing of the 5th of September 1819. Previous to the 



PLATTSBURGH. 29 



settlement of Port Kent,the steamboats proceeded 
directly from Burlington to Plattsburgh, along the 
west shore of Grand Isle. On the morning of the 
accident the Phoenix left Burlington about one 
o'clock, against a strong north wind. About 3 o'- 
clock, while off nearly west of the south end of 
Grand Isle, the boat*was discovered to be on fire, 
and all efforts to extinguish it were unavailing. 
There were at this time 44 persons on board, 31 
of whom entered the small boats and succeeded 
with considerable difficulty in reaching a small 
island about a mile to the windward, called Prov- 
idence Island. The remaining 13 were soon 
obliged to commit themselves to the water upon 
bits of plank and such other things as were with- 
in their reach. The small boats returned just 
after daylight and succeeded in saving 6 of those 
who had managed to keep themselves afloat. 
The remaining seven were drowned. The wreck 
drifted southward and lodged on a reef, extend- 
ing from Colchester Point. This is the only ac- 
cident, worthy of notice, which has occurred du- 
ring 36 years of steam navigation on this lake. 
Plattsburgh is a flourishing village pleas- 
antly situated on both sides of the mouth of the 
river Saranac. It has 4 churches and about 
2600 inhabitants. There are falls in the river 
here of about 40 feet, affording a large amount of 
water power. On these there are several manu- 
facturing establishments, but they are only par- 



30 



PLATTSBURGH. 



tially occupied. There is a regular line of stages 
from this place to Malone, Pottsdam, and Ogdens- 
burgh. Plattsburgh is a military post of the 
United States, and a little south of the village 
near the lake shore, the government has erected 
extensive stone barracks, and a permanent break 
water for the protection of the harbor. During 
the last war this place was the scene of an im- 
portant engagement both on land and water. 




VaJcour I. 



Pt Jackson 



Battle of FlaUsburg]i.--Onxhelstof SeptlSliy 
Gen. Prevost entered the CJ. S. at the head of 
14000 men and advanced towards Plattsburgh, 



BATTLE AT PLATTSBURGH. 31 

which was then garrisoned by only one brigade 
commanded by Gen. Macomb. Prevost's ad- 
vance was slow" and cautious, and, in the mean 
time, every effort was made by Macomb to call 
in the neighboring militia. Oji the 7th, Prevost 
appeared before Plattsburgh, and till the 11th, 
awaited the arrival of the Uritish flotilla, being 
"employed in the mean time in erecting batteries. 
The American flotilla, commanded by Commo- 
dore Macdonougli and consisting of the Saratoga 
of 26 guns, the Eagle of 20, the Ticonderoga of 
17, the Preble of 7, and 10 gun boats carrying 
16 guns, and carrying in the whole 820 men, 
was then lying in Plattsburgh bay. The British 
naval force at this time consisted of a frigate of 
39 guns, the Linnet of 16, two sloops of 11 each, 
and 13 gun boats carrying 18 guns, with 1050 
men, and commanded by Commodore Downie. 
The American ships were anchored in a line ex- 
tending in a direction nearly north from Crab 
Island. In the morning of the 11th of Septem- 
ber, the British flotilla came around Cumberland 
Head and, about 9 o'clock, anchored in a line 
parallel to the American and about 300 yards 
distant. In this situation the whole force on 
both sides became engaged, and after a severe 
conflict of 2 hours and 20 minutes the engagement 
was terminated by the surrender of the whole 
British flotilla, with the exception of a iew gun 
boats which efTected their escape. The British loss 



32 PLATTSBURGH BATTLE — CUMBERLAND HEAD. 

was 84 killed, among whom were Com. Downie 
and two Lieutenants, and 110 wounded. The 
American was 52 killed and 58 wounded. 
Among the former were Lieuts. Gamble and 
Stansbury. 

The commencement of the naval action seem- 
ed be the signal for a general assault by land. 
The enemy opened their batteries upon the A- 
merican works, and at the same time attempted to 
cross the Saranac and gain their rear. The 
Americans kept up a destructive fire from their 
forts and met the enemy at every point with most 
determined bravery. Aa soon as it was known 
that their fleet had surrendered, the enemy re- 
linquished all th3ir hopes, and began making ar- 
rangements for a retreat ; and before the next 
morning they had retired so precipitately as to 
leave behind their wounded, and large quantities 
of provisions, amunition and military stores. 

The officers, who fell on both sides, in these 
engagements, were all buried near together in the 
public cemetery at Plattsburgh, and the Clin- 
ton County Military Association, celebrated the 
anniversary of th3 battle in 1843, by placing over 
them marble mon jmsnts with appropriate inscrip- 
tions. 

Cumberland Head extends three miles into 
the lake on the north side of Plattsburgh, or 
Cumberland Bay. On this point is a light house 
and the farm presented to Com. Macdonough by 



IS LANDS — ALBDRGH. 33 

the Legislature of Vermont. It lies in full view 
of the scene of his memorable victory on the 11th 
of September 1814. On Chalevoix's map of 1744 
this point is called Cap Scoumountun. Cumber- 
land Head is connected by a ferry with Grand 
Island. 

Grand Island, or South Hero is the largest is- 
land in the lake and belongs to Vermont. It has an 
excellent soil and is connected with Cumberland 
Head on the west by a ferry and with the main 
shore on the east by a ferry and by a fordable 
sand bar. 

North Hero is another large island lying north 
of the above. It constitutes a township of the 
same name and belongs to Vermont. The steam 
ferry boat from Burlington on its way from Platts- 
burgh to St. Albans passes between these islands. 
Isle la Motte also belongs to Vermont ; 
contains 4620 acres and constitutes a township 
of the same name. Its rocks are lime, from veins 
of which is quarried a fine black marbie. 

Alburgh, lying still further north, is a town- 
ship formed by a point of land extending south- 
ward between the lake and Missisco Bay. It is 
connected with Canada along the 45th parallel 
of latitude. In this township is a medicinal 
spring which is a place of considerable resort for 
invalids. In Highgate lying east of the bay is 
another medicinal spring of quite equal celebrity. 
Missisco Bay is a large body of water extend- 



34 rouse's point — united states line. 

ing- into Canada, on the east side of which is the 
villao^e of Philipsburgh. 

Chazy Landing is 16 miles north of Platts- 
burgh. 

Rouse's Point is 9 miles north of Chazy, 
in the township of Champlain, and about one 
mile from the United States line. Here is a 
convenient steamboat landing. Nearly opposite 
on the west part of Alburgh, is Windmill Point. 
This point takes its name from a windmill built! 
here by the French while they had possession of' 
the lake. 

United Stales Line. This line was fixed in 
1842, by treaty negotiated by Lord Ashbiirton 
and Mr. Webster, on the old line formerly sup-,, 
posed to be the 45th parallel of latitude. Imme- 
diately after the close of the last war the United 
States o-overnment commenced building a fort on 
a low point to the northward of Rouse's Point 
landing which should completely command the; 
passage up the lake. By the survey of this line 
in 1818, it was found that this point was north of 
the 45th parallel, and the work was consequently 
abandoned ; but by the late treaty the fort was 
[Secured to the United States and the work has 
recently been resumed. An opening through thei 
woods like a road, on the east side of the lake 
and about 200 rods north of the fort marks the* 
place of the Line as now established. 

Ash Island, lying 3 or 4 miles north of the 



ISLE-ADX-NOIX — ST. JOHNS. 35 

Line, is sometimes regarded as the termination 
of the lake towards the north and the commence- 
ment of the Richeheu or Sorel which forms its 
outlet. 

La Colle lying on the west side was a British 
military post during- the last war, and is noted on 
account of an unsuccessful attack made by the 
Americans upon the enemy sheltered in the stone 
mills at this place, on the 29th of March, 1814. 

Isle aux Noix is the first steam boat landing 
after entering- Canada. This is the frontier mili- 
tary post of the British. It is strongly fortified 
and garrisoned, and completely commands the 
passage of the lake or river. The Americans 
took possession of this island in 1775 and re- 
tained it till they retreated from Canada the next 
year. It was afterwards the principal scene of 
the negotiations between the British officers and 
the agents of the leading men in Vermont, by 
which a largo British army was kept inactive du- 
ring the last three years of the revolutionary war. 

St. Johns is the termination of the steam-boat 
navigation of the lake in this direction, being 
checked by the Chambly rapids, and at this place 
cars are taken for Laprairie on the way to Mon- 
treal. The village of St. Johns presents a thri- 
ving appearance and contains about 2000 in- 
habitants. It is a military post, and extensive 
barracks have been erected here since the late 
rebellion which are pleasantly situated and occu- 



36 CHAMBLY CANAL — RAIL-ROAD. 

pied by a regiment of British troops. It was the 
scene of some military operation during the revo- 
lution. It sustained a siege of 6 weeks, before 
it surrendered to Gen. Montgomery in Nov. 1775. 
St. Johns is a port of entry with a custom house, 
and a custom house officer here goes on board 
the steamboats to inspect the baggage of passen- 
gers previous to being landed. 

Chambly Canal is 12 miles long, connecting 
the navigable waters above with those below 
Chambly rapids and extending from St. Johns to 
Chambly. There are 9 locks 120 feet long and 
24 wide, each with a lift of 10 feet, making 90 
feet in the whole. It was built by the British 
government, finished in 1843, and cost about 
^400,000. This canal completed an uninter- 
rupted water communication between Quebec 
and New- York. 

Champlain and St. Lawrence Railroad is fif- 
teen miles long, reaching fom St Johns to La- 
prairie. It was finished in 1838 and cost about 
$200,000, including depots, locomotives, cars, 
&c. The country through which it runs is almost 
a dead level. The fare from St. Johns to Mont- 
real by railroad and steamboat, is ^1 for 1st class, 
and half a dollar in 2d class cars. 

Laprairie is a considerable village and most 
of the inhabitants are French. From this place 
to Montreal, 9 miles, the passage is by steamboat. 



MONTREAL — CATHEDRAL — WHARVES. 37 

Montreal, the seat of g'overnment and the 
largest city in Canada,contains near 40,000 inhabi- 
tants. This city presents a strong contrast to the 
cities of the United States, and in its population, 
buildings, streets and customs, resembles the 
cities of the old world, and hence it is an object 
of particular interest to the American traveller. 
On approaching, the object Avhich fii-st attracts 
attention is the huge Roman Catholic Cathedral, 
whose towers rise so majestically above the sur- 
rounding buildings. On a nearer approach, the 
city and its environs are seen to great advantage. 
The river horo is about 3 miles wide, and oppo- 
site the city lies tha beautiful island of St. Hele- 
na, which is strongly fortified and garrisoned. 
The new wharves at which the landings are 
made, extsnd more than a mile along the rivei-. 
They are built of hammered stone, in the most 
substantial manner and are said to exceed any 
thing of the kind in America. The objects of 
interest to the traveller in aad about Montreal 
are too numerous to be parUcuiarized here, but 
a ride to the mountain in rear of the city should 
not be dispensed with by any who have the least 
taste for the picturesque and beautiful. Between 
this city and Quebec, 180 miles below, is a re- 
gular daily line of steamboats during the contin- 
uance of the navigation. See table p. 48, and for 
the tour through Kingston to Niagara Falls, see 
the same page. 



38 WM. HENRY — THREE RIVERS. 

The most important places between Montreal 
and Quebec are William Kenry, and Three Riv- 
ers. 

William Henry, or Sorel Is 45 miles below 
Montreal, and situated at the junction of the out- 
let of Lake Champlai]i with the St. Lawrence, 
or rather with the upper end of lake St. Peters, 
which is an expansion of that river, 25 miles 
lono- and 9 broad. On the way from Montreal 
to Wm. Henry are passed the villages of Lon- 
gueuil, Vercheres, Varennes, and several others. 

Port St. Francis is the pricipal landing place 
between Wm. Honry and Three Flivers. It owes 
its existence chiefly to the efforts of the British 
American Land Company. Passengers bound to 
the Eastern Tovv-nships are landel here and pro- 
ceed up the river St. Francis by stage. 

Three Rivers, situated nearly midway betv/een 
-Montreal and Quebec, is the largest town be- 
tween those cities. It lies at the junction of the 
river St. Maurice with the St. Lawrence. In 
the mouth of the St. Maurice are two small is- 
lands, which divide the stream into three parts, 
and which appear, from the St. Lawrence, like 
the mouths of three rivers, and hence the name. 

Richelieu Rapids are half way from Three 
Rivers to Quebec. The St Lawrence is here 
about two miles wide, with a rocky shore, and 
the rapids extend about 9 miles. Steamboats 
pass these rapids without difficulty or danger, but 



AVOLFe's cove — QUEBEC. 39 

other vessels can ascend them only by taking 
advantage of the tide or by being towed up by 
steamboats. 

Sillenj Cove, noted for the last battle between 
the English and French, which completed the 
conquest of Canada in 1759, and WoJf's Cove, 
where Wolfe.landed and drew his cannon up the 
precipice, are passed just before reaching Quebec 
as is also Cape Diamond at the base of which the 
gallant JVIontgomery was killed on the 31st of 
December 1775. 

Quebec is on several accounts one of the most 
interesting places in Canada. It was here the 
first settlement was commenced by Champlain 
in 1608. The city is divided into the Upper and 
Lower town, and the St. Roch, St. John, and 
St. Lewis suburbs. 7'he lower town is at the 
foot of the precipice, upon the top of which tho 
upper town is built, and is but little above the 
bed of the river. The greatest part of the 
ground upon which the lower town is built has 
been gained by excavation from the foot of tJie 
precipice, or by building out into the water. 
This part of the city is crowded and dirty, and 
contains but few good buildings. The ascent 
from the lower to tho upper town is steep and 
difficult, the latter being more than 200 feet 
above the former. The upper town which is nat- 
urally almost inaccessable, is doubtless more 
strongly fortified than any other place in Ameri- 



40 quFBEC^ 

ca. The citadel, which is the main work and 
considered to be impregnable, includes five or six 
acres, and stands on the very summit of Cape 
Diamond. The objects and places of interest in 
and about the city are too numerous to be partic- 
ularized. The falls of Montmorenci a few miles 
below, and the Plains of Abraham a little to the 
west of the city, on which Wolfe and Montcalm I 
fell, deserve attention. A neat monument 65 1 
feet high, with suitable inscriptions, was erected ^ 
to the memory of these brave generals in 1828, 
near the spot where they fell. The population |( 
of Quebec is about 30,000. 



TABLES. 



41 



Distances between Albany 


and Whitel 


lall, 




i'lac 




From 




to 


From 


White- 


NAMES OF PLACES. 


Place 


Albany. 


hall. 


Albany, by canal. 








73 


West Troy, - 


7 


7 


66 


Mechanicsville, 


13 


20 


53 


Schuylerville, 


16 


36 


37 


Fort Edward, 


13 


49 


24 


Fort Ann, 


12 


61 


12 


Whitehall, - 


12 


73 





BY STAGE, 








Albany, ... 








72 


Troy, . - - 


6 


6 


6d 


Schaghticoke, 


10 


16 


56 


Easton, ... 


10 


26 


46 


Argyle, 


20 


46 


26 


Granville, 


17 


63 


9 


Whitehall, - 


9 


72 





BY RAIL-ROAD AND STAGE- 








Albany, by rail-road, 








77 


- f Schenectady , 16 ^ on 
o . 1 Ballston Spa, 14 ( ^" 














^UorTroj, 6} 


30 


30 


47 


^^ Mechanicsv'l, 12V30 
i. Ballston Spa, 12) 














^ Saratoga Springs, 


7 


37 


40 


Sandy Hill, by stage, - 


19 


56 


21 


Fort Ann, " 


10 


66 


11 


Whitehall, " 


11 


77 






42 



TABLES. 



Distances between Albany 


and Montrea 


/. 




2 c 


e^ 


5 = 


s >, 


s-s 


NAMES OF PLACES. 


HI zi 


^ £j 


?'o 


? c 


o ■.-■ 




«P4 


^'£ 


=^3 


£^ 


(JH o 







73 


230 


< 



254 


Albany, - - -, 


Whitehall, - - - 


73 





157 


73 


181 


Benson, by steamboat, - 


]3 


13 


144 


86 


168 


Orwell, " 


7 


20 


137 


93 


161 


Ticonderoga, " 


4 


24 


133 


97 


157 


Shoreham, " 


2 


26 


131 


99 


155 


Bridport, " 


9 


35 


122 


108 


J 46 


Crown Pt. &Chimney Ft. 


6 


41 


116 


114 


140 


Port Henry, " 


2 


43 


114 


116 


138 


Barber's Point, " 


9 


52 


105 


125 


429 


Westport, " 


2 


54 


103 


127 


127 


Basin Harbor, " 


4 


58 


99 


131 


123 


Fort Cassin, " 


3 


61 


96 


134 


120 


Split-Rock, " 


3 


64 


93 


137 


117 


Essex &. Charlotte, 


4 


68 


89 


141 


113 


Burlington, " 


14 


82 


75 


155 


99 


Fort Kent. " 


'10 


92 


65 


165 


89 


Port Jackson, " 


9 


101 


56 


174 


80 


Plattsburgh, " 


6 


107 


50 


180 


74 


Cumberland Head, " - 


3 


110 


47 


183 


71 


Chazy, " 
Rouse's Point, " 


13 


123 


34 


196 


58 


9 


132 


25 


205 


49 


Isle-aux-Noix, " 


12 


144 


13 


217 


37 


St. Johns, *' 


13 


157 





230 


24 


Laprairie, by rail-road, - 


15 


172 


15 


245 


9 


Montreal, by steamboat, 


9 


181 


24 


254 






TABLES. 



43 



ROUTES TO AND FROM ALBANY 



Albany and Ticonderoga, via Lake George 



NAMES OF PLACES. 

Albany 

Saratoga Springs 
Fortsville, by stage. 
Glens Falls " 
Caldwell (LakeGeo. 
Landing (N. end L. 
Ticonderoga Fort 



Place 


From 


From 


to 


Sarato- 


Albany. 


Place 


ga. 







37 





37 





37 


12 


12 


49 


6 


18 


55 


9 


27 


64 


36 


63 


100 


4 


67 


104 



From 

Ticon- 

deroga 



104 
67 
55 

49 

40 

4 





Albany New York and Wasliington. 



Albany, by steamboat 

Kinderhook " 

Hudson " 

Catskill " 
Upper Redhook " 

Poughkeepsie " 

New burgh " 

West Point «' 

Tarrytown " 

Yonkers " 

New York, " 
Philadelphia,by R.R 

Baltimore - " 

Washinofton " 



Place 




From 


From 


to 


From 


New 


Wash- 


Place 


Albany. 


Y»rk. 


ington. 








145 


365 


18 


18 


127 


347 


11 


29 


116 


336 


5 


34 


111 


331 


11 


45 


100 


320 


26 


71 


74 


294 


13 


84 


61 


281 


9 


93 


52 


272 


25 


118 


27 


247 


10 


128 


17 


237 


17 


145 





220 


86 


231 


86 


134 


96 


327 


182 


38 


38 


365 


220 






#^ 



44 



TABLES. 



Distances between Albany, Buffalo and Detroit. 

BY CANAL AND LAKE. 





Place 






NA3IES OF PLACES. 


to 


F:--r= 


From 




Pi c. 



Albany. 


Buffa o. 


Albany, . - . 





364 


West Troy, 


7 


7 


357 


Schenectady, 


23 


30 


334 


Amsterdam, 


17 


47 


317 


Fiiltonville, 


10 


57 


307 


Little Falls, 


31 


88 


276 


Herkimer, 


7 


95 


269 


Utica, 


15 


no 


254 


Rome, . , - 


15 


125 


239 


Chitte.'iango, 


28 


153 


211 


Manlius, - . . 


9 


162 


202 


Syracuse, 


9 


171 


193 


Montezuma, 


34 


205 


159 


Lyons, ... 


20 


225 


139 


Palmyra, - . - 


15 


240 


124 


Rochester, ... 


29 


269 


95 


Brockporl, 


20 


289 


75 


Albion, ... 


15 


304 


60 


Lockport, ... 


29 


333 


31 


Tonewanda, ... 


19 


352 


12 


Buffalo, 


12 


364 





Erie, 


90 


454 


90 


Cleveland, ... 


104 


558 


194 


Detroit, 


135 


.693 


329 



«r« 



TABLES. 



45 



Distances between Albany and Buffalo. 



BY RAIL-KOAD. 





Place 


- 






to 


From 


I loin 


NAMKS OF PLACES. 


Place 


Albany. 


BufiaiO. 


Albany, 








325 


Schenectady, - 


16 


16 


309 


Uttca, 


77 


93 


232 


Syracuse, 


53 


146 


179 


Auburn, 


26 


172 


153 


Rochester, 


79 


251 


74 


Attica, 


43 


294 


31 


Buffalo, 


31 


325 






Distances between Albany and Boston. 



BY EAIL-EOAD. 





Place 






NAMES OF PLACES. 


• 10 


From 


From 




Place 


Albany. 


Boston. 


Albany, 








200 


West Stockbrido-e, 


38 


38 


162 


Pittsfield, 


11 


49 


151 


Springfield, 


53 


102 


98 


Worcester, 


54 


1G6 


44 


Boston, 


44 


200 






46 



TABLES. 



Distances between Burlington and Boston. 



NAMES OF PLACES. 



By way ofMontpelier^ Concord 
Burlington, by stage, 

Richmond - " 

Waterbury - " 

Montpelier - " 

Barre • - " 

Chelsea - - " 

Strafford - - " 

Norwich - - " 

Hanover - - " 

Enfield - - " 

Wilmot - - " 

Salisbury - - " 

Concord - - " 

Nashua - - railroad, 

Lowell - - " 

Boston - - " 

By loay of Rutland «^ Keene 



Placel From 
&c. iBurling. 



Burlington 

Charlotte 

Vergennes 

Middlebury 

Brandon 



by stage, 



Rutland 


(< 


Bellows Falls - 


(( 


Keene 


i( 


Boston 


11 




13 
13 
12 

6 
16 
10 
11 

1 

13 
13 
14 
10 
36 
15 
25 


11 
10 
12 
17 
16 
50 
14 
80 




13 
26 

38 

44 

60 

70 

81 

82 

95 

108 

122 

132 

168 

183 

208 



11 

21 

33 

50 

66 

116 

130 

210 



From 
Boston. 



208 

195 

182 

170 

164 

148 

138 

127 

126 

113 

100 

86 

76 

40 

25 



210 

199 

189 

177 

160 

144 

94 

80 





TABLES. 



47 



Distances between Burlins^ion and Portland. 





Place 


From 




NAMES OF PLACES. 


to PI 


Burling. 


Portland 


BurlinL''ton 








214 


Montpi'lier 






38 


38 


176 


Danville 






28 


66 


148 


Littleton 






22 


88 


126 


Notch 






18 


106 


108 


Conway 






28 


134 


80 


Portland . 






80 


214 






Distances from 


BurUng- 


Burlington to 


Stanstead^ 


tan to Montreal 


hij stage. 


and Slier b 


oohe. 


Burlington, to 




via Irashurgh. 


Milton 


13 13 


Burlington to 




St. Albans 


13 26 


Johnson 


37 37 


Highgate 


9 35 


Craftsbury 


24 61 


Phillipsburgh 


9 44 


Irasburgh 


12 73 


St. Johns 


24 68 


Stanstead 


15 88 


Montreal 


23 91 


Hatle}* 


15 103 


. — 




Sherbrooke 


17 120 


From Burlington to Stan- 
stead, Canada Fast. 


via Montpelier. 
Montpelier * 38 38 


Burlington to 




Hard wick 


25 63 


Cnmbridge 


25 


Barton 


15 78 


Johnson 


12 37 


Stanstead 


20 98 


Troy 


26 63 


Hatley 


15 113 


Stanstead 


20 83 


Sherbiooke, 


17 130 



48 



TABLES. 



Distances between Monti-eat and Quebec. \ 




Place 






NAMES OF PLACES. 


to 


From 


From 




Place 




i^lontr'l. 


Quebec. 


Montreal, by steamboat, 





180 


Varennes, " 


]r> 


15 


165 


William Henry " 


30 


45 


135 


Port St. Francis, " 


38 


83 


97 


Three Rivers, " 


7 


90 


90 


St. Anne, " 


25 


115 


65 


Richelieu Rapids, " 


20 


135 


45 


Cape Sante, " 


15 


150 


30 


Cape Rouge, " 


22 


172 


8 


Quebec, •' 


8 


180 





Distances between Montreal cf- Ningara 


Falls, 




Place 


From 


From 


NAMES OF PLACES. 


&c. 




Monli'l. 


N.g.F. 


Montreal, 





412 


Lacliine, by stage. 
Cascades, by steamboat. 


9 


9 


433 


24 


33 


409 


Coteau du Lac, by stage, 


16 


49 


393 


Cornwall, by steamboat, 


41 


90 


352 


Dickinson's landing, canal, 


12 


102 


340 


Prescolt, &c. by steamboat, 


38 


140 


302 


Brockville, «' - - 


12 


152 


290 


Kingston, *< - - 


60 


212 


230 


Cobourg, " - - 


no 


322 


120 


Toronto, " 


70 


392 


50 


Niagara Falls, by steam, &c 


50 


442 






LBJe'20 



OCT 23 !§00 



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